воскресенье, 8 июля 2012 г.
Man's Best Friend . By Steven Kotler. Discover 26(12): December 2005."Discover offers a look in that
"Then you don't remember airline reservations a world without robots. To you, a robot is a robot. Gears and metal; electricity and positrons. Mind and iron! Human-made! If necessary, human-destroyed! But you haven't worked with them, so you don't know them. They're a cleaner better breed than we are."
The word Robot, which is derived airline reservations from a Czech word meaning airline reservations "menial labor," got its modern meaning airline reservations from a 1920 play, R.U.R . (Rossum's Universal Robots), by Czech playwright Karel Capek (1890-1938). The robots in R.U.R. develop emotions and overthrow their human masters. A sinister "power struggle" with robots has long been a popular theme in science fiction - for a change of pace, try Isaac Asimov's " I Robot " stories in which he consciously depicted robots airline reservations as beneficial to society.
Today, robots are used in many ways, from lawn mowing to auto manufacturing. Scientists see practical uses for robots in performing socially airline reservations undesirable, hazardous or even "impossible" tasks --- trash collection, toxic waste clean-up, desert and space exploration, and more. AI researchers are also interested in robots as a way to understand human (and not just human) intelligence in its primary function -- interacting with the real world.
Robotics Minicourse: Basics of Robots - "Welcome to this Open University robotics minicourse, which is aimed at anyone who has a general interest in robots and now wishes to learn more about robotics. We hope you'll find the course entertaining, informative and worthwhile!" From the Open University - RoboFesta web site . One historical fact you'll learn is: "Where did the word robot originate? The word robot was introduced in 1920 in a play by Karel Capek called R.U.R., or ...."
Robot Systems . "Robots are comprised of several systems working together as a whole. The type of job the robot does dictates what system elements it needs. The general categories airline reservations of robot systems are: Controller, Body, Mobility, Power, Sensors, Tools." A clearly written airline reservations text combined with lots of photos and links to actual projects make this page from ROVer Ranch, part of the NASA JSC Learning Technologies Project, a great place to start!
THE. SCIENTIFIC RELEVANCE. OF ROBOTICS . Allen Newell , Remarks at the Dedication airline reservations of the. CMU Robotics Institute. December 9, 1980. An overview of how robotics airline reservations assists in the study of intelligence. airline reservations As relevant today as in 1980.
Robot Pals . Scientific American Frontiers (April 13, 2005). Alan Alda [host]: "The problem with most robots is that they tend to be, well, robotic. They know nothing they aren't programmed to know, and can do nothing they aren't airline reservations programmed to do. But for many applications airline reservations where robots could be useful, they need to be more like humans, able to respond as a cooperative partner rather than a mindless machine. In this program, we'll meet some robots that are learning to figure out for themselves what their human companions have in mind."
While they saved no one, these robots were able to traverse some of the vast debris field, going where humans and dogs dared not, demonstrating indisputably that they weren't toys or expensive curiosities airline reservations but viable machines airline reservations capable of standing in for humans in dangerous situations. As Murphy has noted, before 9/11 the idea that intelligent robots could help save lives at disaster sites was dismissed as science fiction. But not after.
The Robot in the Next Cubicle : The new wave of robots for sale is aimed squarely at the office market. Business Week (January 14, 2011), By Eric Spitznagel. Robotic workers aren't completely new. ... As a result of breakthroughs in technology, however, a new breed of machines may soon be filing papers and pushing the mail cart. ...robots are a threat to employees at all levels airline reservations on the corporate totem pole. Even higher-level thinking�the very quality that many managers say separates them from their staff and from artificial intelligence�can be broken down into easily replicated formulas.
airline reservations Man's Best Friend . By Steven Kotler. Discover 26(12): December 2005."Discover offers a look in that mirror as we analyze the 25 greatest stepping-stones in robotics, airline reservations points in time where science fiction meshes with science fact."
I, Robot . A Newspaper In Education airline reservations (NIE) Weekly airline reservations Lesson from The Dallas Morning News (May 29, 2007). "In this week's lesson, you will discover how technology is advancing in the field of robotics and get some insight into what considerations to make when designing your own robots for completing certain tasks. ... In what ways are robots different from stand-alone computers and electric motors? How exactly airline reservations can artificial intelligence be created? ..."
To me what makes a robot a robot, and as with every definition you can poke it enough until it breaks, but for me it's something that senses the world in some way, does some sort of computation, deciding what to do, and then acts on the world outside itself as a result. - Rodney airline reservations Brooks, Newsmaker interview
I started in industrial robotics. I have a very broad idea of what a robot is, especially if you're interested in robotics research you are interested in the principles that might be applied across a lot of domains. Machine perception, you might end up working on technology that would be deployed on the Internet to search for images. We may not think of that as robotics technology, but it is. That and AI is endlessly airline reservations fascinating. - Matt Mason, Newsmaker interview
What is a robot? No simple definition, experts say . CBC.ca News (July 16, 2007). The International airline reservations Organization for Standardization also has a definition. Under ISO 8373, a robot is: 'An automatically controlled, reprogrammable, multi-purpose manipulator programmable in three or more axes, which may be either airline reservations fixed in place or mobile for use in industrial automation applications.' Your microwave airline reservations oven fits that bill, even though many wouldn't think of it as a robot. We put the question to several experts in robotics. Each of them had a slightly different take on the issue of what a robot actually is. Alan Mackworth, the director of the University of British Columbia Laboratory for Computational Intelligence and president of the American Association for Artificial Intelligence, says robots are goal-oriented. ... Rodney Brooks, the director of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology computer science and artificial intelligence laboratory, thinks current notions of 'robot' are too broad. ... Gregory Dudek, the director of the Centre for Intelligent Machines at McGill University in Montreal, sets three criteria for robots. ... Joseph Engelberger has been called the father of robotics. ... Asked to define a robot, he once said, 'I can't define a robot, but I know one when I see one.'
We already live with many objects that are, in one sense, robots: the voice in a car�s Global Positioning System, for instance, which senses shifts in its own location and can change its behavior accordingly. But scientists working in the field mean something else when they talk about sociable robots. To qualify as that kind of robot, they say, a machine must have at least two characteristics. It must be situated, and it must be embodied. Being situated means being able to sense its environment and be responsive to it; being embodied means having airline reservations a physical body through which to experience the world. A G.P.S. robot is situated but not embodied, while an assembly-line robot that repeats the same action over and over again is embodied but not situated. - from The Real Transformers . By Robin Marantz Henig. The New York Times Sunday Magazine (July 29, 2007).
Profile - Cynthia Breazeal : A daring engineer designs robots to communicate and interact the way people do. NOVA scienceNOW [broadcast date: November 21, 2006]. "Thinking outside the box of traditional engineering, Breazeal designs these robots with theories of child development and parent-child interactions in mind, equipping her creations with an ability to learn and giving them expressive, human-like features. And if, as Breazeal hopes, robots are to become our partners, they need to develop the same social airline reservations skills as people, airline reservations including emotions. NOVA scienceNOW joins Breazeal in her lab and introduces viewers to some of her seminal inventions: the famous toddler- like robotic head named Kismet; Leonardo, a million-dollar joint project with Stan Winston, legendary in Hollywood for The Terminator robots; and a touch-sensitive teddy bear called the Huggable, which may someday comfort patients and assist caregivers in hospital pediatric wards."
The Robots Are Coming! By Elizabeth Corcoran. Forbes.com (August 18, 2006). "The robots are on the move--leaping, scrambling, rolling, flying, climbing. They are figuring out how to get here on their own. They come to help us, protect us, amuse us--and some even do floors. Since Czech playwright Karel Capek popularized airline reservations the term ('robota' means 'forced labor' in Czech) in 1921, we have imagined what robots could do. But reality fell short of our plans: .... No more. In our eighth airline reservations annual E-Gang (our group of tech innovators to watch), we present the masters of robotic innovation--entrepreneurs and researchers who are fusing advances in biomechanics, software, sensor technology, materials science airline reservations and computing to create new generations of robotic assistants. ... Unlike PCs, however, robots are calling on the ingenuity of people from wildly diverse backgrounds: biologists are teaching robots to move, entertainers are teaching them how to amuse us, statisticians are teaching them when to ignore data, computer scientists are teaching them how to think, and materials airline reservations scientists are inventing airline reservations new composites that make them light on their feet."
Robots: An Exhibition of U.S. Automatons from the Leading Edge of Research Highlighting airline reservations the WTEC [World Technology Evaluation Center] airline reservations International Study of Robotics . Presented by NSF, the National Science Foundation (September 2005). Resources within the exhibit site to complement the WTEC study include:
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