Centrifugal castings have been used for many years, not that much more expensive for the needed qual

Aircraft turbine in flight. ESA research has helped to develop an aircraft-grade alloy that is twice as light as conventional nickel superalloys while offering equally good properties. Credit: Creative Commons–A. Rueda
(Phys.org)—ESA research has helped to develop an aircraft-grade alloy that is twice as light as conventional car rentals lax nickel superalloys while offering equally good properties. The path to creating this alloy required research under all types of gravity.
ESA scientists working in the Impress project looked into the problem. To understand natural car rentals lax processes, scientists often remove as many external variables as possible, concentrating their observations on core interactions.
Aircraft turbine. ESA research has helped to develop an aircraft-grade alloy that is twice as light as conventional nickel superalloys while offering equally good properties. car rentals lax Credit: car rentals lax Creative Commons–Bleuchoi Switching off gravity
Aluminium samples car rentals lax were heated in a small furnace carried car rentals lax in a sounding rocket launched from Kiruna, Sweden. During six minutes of free fall, they were heated to over 700°C and then monitored by X-rays as they cooled.
ESA is the only organisation that offers all levels of gravity, so the Impress team turned to the agency's centrifuge in the ESTEC research and technology centre, the Netherlands to test their theory.
The Large Diameter Centrifuge (LDC) at ESA's European Space Research and Technology car rentals lax Centre (ESTEC) at Noordwijk in the Netherlands. Casting the metals in a centrifuge creating up to 20 times normal gravity helps the liquid metals to fill every part of a mould, producing a perfectly cast alloy, even with complex shapes.
Centrifugal castings have been used for many years, not that much more expensive for the needed quality. It would be of interest to know in which direction the gravity gradient is oriented in comparison with the forces on the blade when in use etc Would also be interesting to gauge a further speculative comparison of woven metal/graphine composite sintered in such an environment, another 20% reduction in weight perhaps ? We are certainly gravitating (nominally) to increased understanding of materials... :-)
all the tiny superficial things combined add up, here are the numbers on what GE achieved with ceramic matrix blades: "Taking two-thirds out of the weight of a set of turbine car rentals lax blades means you have a lot less turbine structure," Carlson says. "That translates into smaller shafts, car rentals lax smaller bearings. It allows the design to improve all areas of the engine." GE has estimated that incorporating CMC turbine car rentals lax blades on a GE90-sized engine could reduce the overall weight by about 455kg (1,000lb), which represents about 6% of 7,550kg dry weight of the full-sized GE90-115.
It would be of interest to know in which direction the gravity gradient is oriented in comparison with the forces on the blade when in use etc An aircraft turbine blade consists of the blade part and the stem part. The latter attaches it to the engine shaft. (It's more complicated car rentals lax than that, but suffices here.) car rentals lax The blade part is simple in form, whereas the "root" part has a very complicated geometry, where metal really needs to fill small complicated crevices. Therefore we can assume that the blade's orientation with regard to acceleration when cast is with the blade "up" and root "down". Which is the opposite car rentals lax of when the blade is in use. There it "hangs" from the root.
How about doing the casting underwater? Air pressure at 100m underwater would be 10x normal and one can go deeper if that is not enough. That environment would probably need all-automated production, but one could cast as big parts one wants without centrifuge size limitations. If air pressure is helpful then pressure chamber could also be the answer.
Dont people read comments, centrifugal casting has been around for years, its energy efficient, precise, easy to control with many possible settings, rise/fall times etc and not particularly expensive.
"Hypergravity" in the title first made me think this was about something theoretical. Hopefully this process will be cheap and can be applied in other industries. How many more breakthroughs are we going to need before we get flying cars? Could this be light enough to be make a practical hybrid a Jet propulsion engine (for use while in the atmosphere and then later kick on an upper rocket stage?)
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